Agreement of Spanish Adjectives
Adjectives can describe the properties of a noun in more detail. In Spanish, they usually come after the noun and must be grammatically aligned with it.
Native
Translation
La chica rubia.
The blonde girl.
Los niños rubios.
The blond children.
An adjective must be aligned with respect to its genus, or gender (masculine or feminine) and with respect to its numerus, or number (singular or plural).
Adjective Alignment
Most Spanish adjectives end in their natural masculine form in -o. If the noun is plural, an -s is added.
Native
Translation
El perro blanco. Los perros blancos.
The white dog. The white dogs.
If the noun is feminine, the adjective usually ends in -a, or in the plural in -as.
Native
Translation
La gata blanca. Las gatas blancas.
The white cat. The white cats.
When an adjective is used for feminine and masculine nouns together, it is put in its masculine plural form.
Native
Translation
La chica y el chico son muy simpáticos.
The girl and the boy are very nice.
Adjectives with Neutral Endings
There are also adjectives in Spanish that have alternative endings such as on -e. In these, an -s is added only in the plural, otherwise they keep their natural form.
Native
Translation
La chica inteligente. El hombre inteligente.
The intelligent girl. The intelligent man.
Los chicos / hombres inteligentes.
The intelligent girls / guys.
Other common adjectives end in consonants, such as -ón, -ín, -és. In these, an -a is added for feminine nouns and an -es or -esa in the plural.
Native
Translation
Es un queso holandés. Es música holandesa.
It is a dutch cheese. It is dutch music.
Son trajes holandeses. Son mujeres holandesas.
They are dutch clothes. They are dutch women.
Prefixed Adjectives
There are a few common Spanish adjectives that can be placed before the noun in the singular, such as the words "good" (bueno) or "bad" (malo). In the case of a masculine noun, the adjective loses the -o ending.
Native
Translation
El buen hombre.
The good man.
El mal uso. La mala costumbre.
The bad usage. The bad costume.
The same is true for numeral adjectives such as "first" (primero), "second" (segundo), etc. If these are placed before a masculine noun, the ending is omitted.
Native
Translation
El primer visitante. La primera vez.
The first visiter. The first time.
The Adjective "Grande"
The adjective "grande" (big) can also be placed before the noun, and in this case it is shortened for both masculine and feminine nouns.
Native
Translation
La gran cantante. Un gran hombre.
The great singer. A great man.
In the plural, it retains its natural form, even when prefixed.
Native
Translation
Los grandes poetas.
The great poets.
Quiz
1/3
Most adjectives that end on -o are...
0
correct answers.